Page 45 - Summer 2006

Role of acoustics in energy focusing phenomena
3 Carlos Camara, Seth Putterman, and Emil Kirilov, “Sonoluminescence from a Single Bubble Driven at 1 Megahertz,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 124301 (2004).
4 David J. Flannigan, Stephen D. Hopkins, Carlos G. Camara, Seth J. Putterman, and Kenneth S. Suslick, “Measurement of Pressure and Density Inside a Single Sonoluminescing Bubble,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 204301 (2006).
5 R. P. Taleyarkhan, C. D. West, J. S. Cho, R. T. Lahey, R. I. Nigmatulin, and R. C. Block, “Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation,” Science 295, 1868- 1873 (2002).
6 S. J. Putterman, L. A. Crum, and K. Suslick, “Comments on Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation, by Taleyarkhan et al., Science 295, 1868-1873, March 8, 2002,” http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0204065
7 Avik Chakravarty, Theo Georghiou, Tacye E. Phillipson, and Alan J. Walton, “Stable sonoluminescence within a water hammer tube,” Phys. Rev. E69, 066317 (2004).
8 R. Budakian, K. Weninger, R. A. Hiller, and S. J. Putterman, “Picosecond discharges and stick–slip friction at a moving meniscus of mercury on glass,” Nature 391, 266–268 (1998).
9 V.A. Klyuev, Yu P. Toporov, A. D. Aliev, A .E. Chalykh, and A. G. Lipson, “The Effect of Air Pressure on the Parameters of X-Ray Emissions Accompanying Adhesive and Cohesive Breaking Solids,” Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 34, 361-364 (1989).
10 B. Rosenblum, P. Bräunlich, and J. P. Carrico, “Thermally stimulated field emission from pyroelectric LiNbO3,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 25(1), 17-19 (1974).
11 B. Naranjo, J. K. Gimzewski and S. Putterman “Observation of nuclear fusion driven by a pyroelectric crystal,” Nature 434, 1115-1117 (2005).
12 W. Cochran, “Crystal stability and the theory of ferroelectric- ity,” Advances in Phys. 9(36), 387-423 (1960).
13 Iris Inbar and R. E. Cohen, “Comparison of the electronic structures and energetics of ferroelectric LiNbO3 and LiTaO3,” Phys. Rev. B 53, 1193-1204 (1996).
Seth Putterman, a faculty member at UCLA since 1970, is a researcher in nonlinear fluid mechanics and acoustics who (with coworkers) has developed the theory of univer- sal power spectra in wave tur- bulence, and participated in the discovery of fifth sound, superfluid two-phase sound and resonant mode conver- stion in 4He. He also partici-
pated in the discovery of kink solitons and envelope solitons in various elastic media. Most recently he is responsible for the renewed interest in energy focusing phenomena and their relationship to sonoluminescence, friction, triboelectrification, and crystal-generated nuclear fusion. He is a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and the American Physical Society and a past recipient of an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship.
Fig. 4. Image of ions striking a scintillator after being accelerated by the crystal’s electric field. When the target is deuterated the bright areas locate the region where nuclear fusion occurs.
freshly produced ions receive 100keV of potential and are energetic enough to fuse with a deuterium target. An example of the pattern of energetic ions striking a target is shown in Fig. 4.
Strong ferroelectricity such as observed in lithium nio- bate has its origin in the instability of high-frequency modes
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ferroelectric emission are phenomena characterized by energy density concentration. It will be interesting to see what additional natural processes can be added to this list.
References
1 Advances referenced in the following reviews are not sepa- rately referenced in this story: B. P. Barber, R. A. Hiller, R. Lofstedt, S.J. Putterman, and K. R. Weninger, “Defining the unknowns of sonoluminescence,” Phys. Reports 281, 66-143 (1997); S. Putterman and K. Weniger, “Sonoluminescence: How Bubbles Turn Sound into Light,” Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 32, 445 (2000); M. P. Brenner, S. Hilgenfeldt, and D. Lohse, “Single Bubble Sonoluminescence,” Rev. Modern Phys. 74, 425-484 (2002).
2 G. Vazquez, C. Camara, S. Putterman, and K. Weninger, “Sonoluminescence: nature's smallest blackbody,” Optics Lett. 26, 575-577 (2001).
If, for simplicity, one imag- ines a crystal lattice where the short range repulsive forces are provided by springs and the attractive forces are due to long range coulomb interaction between the ions, then there exists a range of values for the interatomic spacing and spring constant for which the small amplitude normal mode of oscillation becomes unstable for the long wavelength transverse optical mode. This results in a relative displace- ment of the ions to a state which has a spontaneous polar- ization. Calculation of the new equilibrium state is a matter
of oscillation of an ionic crystal.
of compelling current interest.
Sonoluminescence, frictional electricity, fracture and
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