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 41 L. Stanford, J. McIntyre, and J. Hogan, “Audible alarm signals for anaesthesia monitoring equipment,” Intl. J. Clinical Monitoring and Computing 1, 251–256 (1985).
42 A. Cropp, L. Woods, and D. Raney, “Name that tone: The prolif- eration of alarms in the intensive care unit,” Chest 105, 1217–1220 (1994).
43 S. Okcu, C. Zimring, and E. Ryherd “Developments in ‘aural connectivity’: Enhancing sound environments in critical care settings for effective nurse auditory monitoring,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 3669 (2008).
44 S. Okcu and C. Zimring, “Toward a less chaotic sound environ- ment for nurses: A study investigating the relationship between layout design, aural connectivity, and user activities,” J. Acoust.
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47 S. Ryherd, K. Persson Waye, M. Kleiner, and E. Ryherd, “Quantifying the noise environment: Effects of the wearer’s voice on body-mounted noise dosimeter measurements,” J. Acoust.
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48 A. Joseph and R. Ulrich, “Issue paper #4: Sound control for
improved outcomes in healthcare settings,” Technical Report, The Center for Health Design, www.healthdesign.org (2007).
  Ilene Busch-Vishniac is current- ly Provost and Vice-President (Academic) of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. She was formerly Dean of the Whiting School of Engineering at Johns Hopkins University and Temple Professor of Mechanical Engineering at The University of Texas. Her areas of specialization include noise control and electromechanical sensors and actuators. Dr.
Busch-Vishniac has received a number of medals including the Achievement Award of the Society of Women Engineers, the Silver Medal of the Acoustical Society of America, and the Curtis McGraw Research Award of the American Society for Engineering Education. She served as President of the Acoustical Society of America in 2004-05.
  Kerstin Persson Waye is an Associate Professor of Occupational and Environmental Medicine at Gothenburg University, Sweden. She holds a Ph.D. within the med- ical faculty in Environmental Medicine, Gothenburg University along with a Bachelor’s degree in Environmental Health and Protection, Umeå University. From 2002 to 2006 she was, first full-time and later part-time,
holding a position as Associate Professor at the Department of Acoustics, Aalborg University Denmark. Her primary research interests are the impacts of sound and noise on human health. Within this field she has studied work per- formance, stress, sleep disturbance and the relationships between noise annoyance and specific sound characteristics. Her special field of knowledge is low frequency noise.
  Erica E. Ryherd is an Assistant Professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Previously, she was a postdoc- toral researcher in Occupational and Environmental Medicine at Gothenburg University in Sweden. She holds a Ph.D. in Architectural Engineering from the University of Nebraska– Lincoln, along with a Bachelor’s
degree in Architectural Engineering and a minor in music from Kansas State University. Her primary research interests are in architectural acoustics, noise control, building systems engineer- ing, and human response to sound. She is active in the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), the American Society for Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), and the U.S. Green Building Council. She was awarded the ASA F. V. Hunt Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Acoustics in 2006 and recently received one of the “Top 5 New Faces of Engineering” Awards from ASHRAE in 2008.
  James E. West is currently a Research Professor at Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Mechanical Engineering. His pioneering research on charge stor- age and transport in polymers (the electrical analogy of a permanent magnet) led to the development of electret transducers for sound recording and voice communica-
tion. West was inducted into The National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1999 for the invention of the electret microphone. He is a mem- ber of the National Academy of Engineering; a Fellow, and past President, of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA), and a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. West is the recipient of the ASA Silver Medal in Engineering Acoustics, an honorary Doctor of Science degree from New Jersey Institute of Technology, the ASA Gold Medal, an honorary Doctor of Engineering from Michigan State University and the National Medal of Technology.
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