Page 26 - Acoustics Today Spring 2011

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to run the fan.
stoves for cooking, the majority do not have access to elec- tricity.
Cook stoves typically produce between 4 kW and 8 kW
of heat and a properly-designed convection-enhancement
fan would typically consume less than 2 watts of electrical
power. Obviously, it does not take too much imagination to
realize that a small heat engine could convert a small amount
Of the 3 billion users of biomass-burning
(CTBT) was also an inspiration that nudged me toward my State Department service. As indicated in the text, I am grate- ful for the insights that Bill Behn brought to the policy issues and the encyclopedic knowledge regarding climate and many other topics that Phil Hopke shared with both generosity and a wonderful sense-of-humor. I also appreciate the interna- tional diplomatic experience that Phil Antweiler was willing to share with me and Bill, as well as his uncanny ability to anticipate issues and “data calls” that would arise two weeks in advance of them being brought up by others.
Both Nina Fedoroff, and her deputy, Andrew Reynolds, provided encouragement and brought visibility for the cook stove issues to the highest levels within the State Department and USAID. I am also indebted to Dr. Myra McAulifee, Program Manager for the East Asian and Pacific Program, within the Office of International Science and Engineering at the National Science Foundation, for her help in produc- ing the Workshop proposal and to Dr. Ken Goretta, Director of the Asian Office of Aerospace Research & Development, at the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for his enthusi- astic support of the Workshop. Assistance provided by Timothy Buehrer, Chief of Party, and his staff at the ASEAN- US Technical Assistance and Training Facility, in Jakarta, was essential in providing transportation for Workshop par- ticipants.
Finally, I would like to thank the Veneklasen Foundation for their support of my research on the application of ther- moacoustics to cook stove electrical co-generation.AT
of that heat to electricity. Although rather inefficient and not
well-suited to the available temperatures (T ≳ 800 oC), hot
recent attempts have been made to run a fan from electricity
44,45
There have been other approaches using steam generation,46,29 but recently there has been considerable activity and some preliminary
47-49
I owe much to my good friend, Greg Swift, in many areas, but if it were not for his stories about his participation in the revision of K-12 Science Standards for the State of New Mexico, I might never had the confidence to follow up on that fateful e-mail message soliciting volunteers for the JSF Program. Similarly, the late Henry Bass’s service in imple- mentation of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
generated by a thermoelectric module.
Figure 4 shows two prototype thermoacoustic engines that use elec- trodynamic linear alternators to generate electricity from
successes with thermoacoustic co-generation. cook stove waste heat.
Acknowledgements
policymaking takes shape,” Carnegie Results (Carnegie Corp. of New York, 2010); http://carnegie.org/fileadmin/Media/ Publications/jefferson_science_fellows_carnegie_results_summ er_10_extra.pdf.
9 Each essay is limited to two pages. One requires description of three major advances in the applicant’s area during the past ten years that have had significant societal impact on an interna- tional scale, along with a discussion of the positive and negative aspects of the impacts, and an assessment of how effective the scientific community has been in providing information required to permit policy makers to make informed decisions. The other essay asks the nominee to identify one or more issues in science and technology that have not received sufficient atten- tion by U.S. foreign policy makers and to describe steps that should be taken by scientists and policy makers to better address these issues.
10 The ten members of ASEAN are Brunei Darussalam, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam.
11 M. F. Martin, U.S.-Malaysian Relations: Implications of the 2008 Election, Congressional Research Service Report RL33878 (3 Apr 2008).
12 D. K. Nanto, East Asian Regional Architectures: New Economic and Security Arrangements and U.S. Policy, Congressional Research Service Report RL33653 (4 Jan 2008).
13 M. J. Green and D. Twining, “Democracy and American Grand Strategy in Asia: The Realist Principles Behind an Enduring Idealism,” Contemporary Southeast Asia 30, 1–28 (2008).
14 Transcript of Prime Minister Kevin Rudd’s speech to the Asia Society Australasia (5 June 2008).
15 Transcript of the Interview with Minister for Foreign Affairs
References
1 M. J. Molina and F. S. Rowland, “Stratospheric sink for chloro- fluoromethanes: Chlorine atom catalyzed destruction of ozone,” Nature 249, 810–814 (1974).
2 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), New York, 1987.
3 R. E. Benedick, Ozone Diplomacy: New direction in safeguarding the planet (Harvard Univ. Press, 1991); ISBN 067465000X.
4 Information regarding the Jefferson Science Fellows program can be found at either the State Departments web site: http://www.state.gov/g/stas/fi/c28280.htm, or at the National Academy of Sciences web site: http://sites.nationalacademies. org/pga/jefferson/.
5 Short biographies of all Jefferson Science Fellows are available at the National Academies’ web site: http://sites.nationalacademies. org/PGA/Jefferson/PGA_046613.
6 Recently, the Jefferson Program has expanded to include the possibility of Fellows serving in the US Agency for International Development (USAID). A profile of Alex Dehgan, the Science Adviser to USAID, by David Karmer, appears in Physics Today, pp. 30–31 (Dec 2010).
7 The Committee on Science, Technology, and Health Aspects of the Foreign Policy Agenda of the United States, Office of International Affairs, National Research Council, The Pervasive Role of Science, Technology, and Health in Foreign Policy: Imperatives for the Department of State, (National Academy Press, Washington, 1999). http://books.nap.edu/openbook/php? isbn=0309067855.
8 Joyce Baldwin, “Jefferson Science Fellows: A vision for harness- ing the knowledge of academic scientists to help inform U.S.
22 Acoustics Today, April 2011