Page 58 - Fall2020

DICK FAY AND GOLDFISH
nerve. This work, which used the toadfish, Opsanus tau, examined both peripheral and central processing of sound and was done in collaboration with Dick's colleague Peggy Walton (e.g., Fay et al., 1994; Fay and Edds-Walton, 2000).
Around 2003, Dick’s former postdoc David Zeddies introduced him to Joe Sisneros (see Figure 2). One of Joe’s interests was the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) and the female’s ability to locate a calling male in shallow water. This was the sort of animal model Dick was always hoping to find, so it is not surprising that Dick, Dave, and Joe started a collaboration (e.g., Zeddies et al., 2010, 2012; Coffin et al., 2014). Although the work on the midshipman and the auditory central nervous system of fish produced a great deal of important infor- mation, an explanation of how the fish’s central nervous system processes the directional information provided by the periphery has not yet been fully revealed.
Conclusion
Over his 50+-year career, Dick Fay contributed immensely to the literature on fish and vertebrate hearing through a remarkable set of research papers. (Indeed, some have suggested that this resulted in a close physical resem- blance between investigator and subject; see Multimedia1 at acousticstoday.org/fayfish.) The papers cited here, the additional papers cited in Sisneros (2016), and a number of Dick’s more recent papers (Rogers et al., 2016; Sisne- ros et al., 2016; Mohr et al., 2017; Hawkins et al., 2019) are immensely important contributions to the auditory neuroscience literature. But, perhaps Dick’s even greater contribution was his in-depth focus on one species, the goldfish, so that its auditory system is well-known enough to contribute to our overall understanding of vertebrate hearing (and not just from the comparative perspective).
References
Buwalda, R. J. (1981). Segregation of directional and nondirectional acoustic information in the cod. In W. A. Tavolga, A. N. Popper and R. R. Fay (Eds.), Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 139-171.
Chapman, C., and Johnstone, A. (1974). Some auditory discrimination exper- iments on marine fish. Journal of Experimental Biology 61(2), 521-528.
Coffin, A., Kelley, M., Manley, G. A., and Popper, A. N. (2004). Evolu- tion of sensory hair cells. In G. A. Manley, A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay (Eds.), Evolution of the Vertebrate Auditory System. Springer- Verlag, New York, pp. 55-94.
Coffin, A. B., Zeddies, D. G., Fay, R. R., Brown, A. D., Alderks, P. W., Bhandiwad, A. A., Mohr, R. A., Gray, M. D., Rogers, P. H., and Sisne- ros, J. A. (2014). Use of the swim bladder and lateral line in near-field sound source localization by fish. The Journal of Experimental Biol- ogy 217(12), 2078-2088.
Edds-Walton, P. L., Arruda, J., Fay, R. R., and Ketten, D. R. (2015). Com- puterized tomography of the otic capsule and otoliths in the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. Journal of Morphology 276(2), 228-240.
Enger, P. S. (1973). Masking of auditory responses in the medulla oblon- gata of goldfish. Journal of Experimental Biology 59(2), 415-424.
Enger, P. S., Hawkins, A. D., Sand, O., and Chapman, C. J. (1973). Directional sensitivity of saccular microphonic potentials in the had- dock. Journal of Experimental Biology 59(2), 425-433.
Fay, R. R. (1969). Behavioral audiogram for the goldfish. Journal of Auditory Research 9, 112-121.
Fay, R. R. (1970a). Auditory frequency generalization in the goldfish (Caras- sius auratus). Journal of Experimental Animal Behavior 14(3), 353-360. Fay, R. R. (1970b). Auditory frequency discrimination in the goldfish
(Carassius auratus). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychol-
ogy 73(2), 175-180.
Fay, R. R. (1972). Perception of amplitude‐modulated auditory sig-
nals by the goldfish. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
52(2B), 660-666.
Fay, R. R. (1973). Multisensory interaction in control of eye-stalk
rotation response in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Journal of
Comparative and Physiological Psychology 84(3), 527-533.
Fay, R. R. (1975). Dynamic properties of the compensatory eyestalk rotation response of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 51(1A), 101-103.
Fay, R. R. (1978a). Coding of information in single auditory-nerve fibers of the
goldfish. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 63(1), 136-146. Fay, R. R. (1978b). Phase-locking in goldfish saccular nerve fibres accounts for frequency discrimination capacities. Nature
275(5678), 320-322.
Fay, R. R. (1984). The goldfish ear codes the axis of acoustic particle
motion in three dimensions. Science 225(4665), 951-954.
Fay, R. R. (1988). Hearing in Vertebrates: A Psychophysics Databook.
Hill-Fay Associates. Winnetka, IL.
Fay, R. R. (2005). Sound source localization by fishes. In A. N. Popper
and R. R. Fay (Eds.), Sound Source Localization. Springer-Verlag,
New York, pp. 36-66.
Fay, R. R. (2008). Sound source perception and stream segregation
in nonhuman vertebrate animals. In W. A. Yost, A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay (Eds.), Auditory Perception of Sound Sources. SpringerUS, New York, pp. 307-323.
Fay, R. R. (2009a). Sound source segregation by goldfish: Two simultaneous tones. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125(6), 4053-4059. Fay, R. R. (2009b). Soundscapes and the sense of hearing of fishes.
Integrative Zoology 4(1), 26-32.
Fay, R. R., and Edds-Walton, P. L. (2000). Directional encoding by
fish auditory systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355(1401), 1281-1284.
Fay, R. R., and Olsho, L. W. (1979). Discharge patterns of lagenar and saccular neurones of the goldfish eighth nerve: displacement sensitivity and directional characteristics. Comparative Biochemistry
and Physiology Part A: Physiology 62(2), 377-386.
Fay, R. R., and Popper, A. N. (2000). Evolution of hearing in vertebrates:
The inner ears and processing. Hearing Research 149(1-2), 1-10.
Fay, R. R., and Popper, A. N. (2014). A brief history of SHAR. In A. N. Popper and R. R. Fay (Eds.), Perspectives on Auditory Research.
Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 1-8.
Fay, R. R., Edds-Walton, P. L., and Highstein, S. M. (1994). Directional
sensitivity of saccular afferents of the toadfish to linear acceleration at audio frequencies. Biological Bulletin 187(2), 258-259.
58 Acoustics Today • Fall 2020