Page 38 - Summer 2021

INAUDIBLE NOISE POLLUTION
As is the trend for most human activities that produce sound, visitation in the GTNP has increased manyfold in recent years and with it the number of cars, trucks, and motorcycles entering its gates. Although the sound meters were only temporary on the landscape, anthro- pogenic sound in the form of pressure waves, particle motion, and substrate-borne sound, are ever present. The stories and studies recounted here highlight newly formed connections between penetrating anthropogenic sound and invertebrate communication, behavior, and physiology. However, the question of the role anthro- pogenic sound might play in shaping invertebrate populations and communities remains. Future research must seek to identify and make visible connections between sound from human activities and broad trends in invertebrate decline in ecosystems.
Conclusion
In the face of worldwide invertebrate decline that touches nearly every tip of the invertebrate family tree, one com- monality shared by the majority of its members is their reliance on sound for survival and reproduction. Con- current with invertebrate decline has been an increase in human activities that produce anthropogenic sound, now a ubiquitous sensory pollutant in ecosystems. It is, per- haps, in recognizing the acoustic lives of invertebrates, in recording and mapping anthropogenic sound in particle motion and substrate-borne sound, and in understand- ing how these interact to impact invertebrate species, populations, and communities that we might find the keys to understanding invertebrate declines.
Acknowledgments
I thank Damian O. Elias, Malcolm Rosenthal, Ambika Kamath, Trinity Walls, and Arthur Popper for their helpful comments and Marshal Hedin for kindly contributing photographs.
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38 Acoustics Today • Summer 2021