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Supplementary Material
The first video recording of outer hair cell electromotility recorded on a VCR in April 1983 is presented at http://acousticstoday.org/OHCEM1. A glass pipette electrode has been positioned at the basal end of one of the OHCs in a cluster of OHCs joined together at their apex. The pipette is the sharply conical object pointing up from the bottom of the field of view. The audio indicates the presentation of an extracellular electrical pulse. After a few pulses the stimulated cell begins to shorten with sufficient force to move the entire cluster. There is a progressive cell shortening with repeated stimulation. The evoked movements are large enough to damage the cell and it undergoes a volume increase from water influx. Note the sudden lengthening about 2/3 of the way through the video. This is due to a volume decrease after which the cell fails to respond to electrical stimula- tion because of the loss of internal hydrostatic (turgor) pressure.
Two other videos of OHC electromotility in response to musical record- ings are available on line at
http://acousticstoday.org/OHCEM2 and http://acousticstoday.org/OHCEM3.
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