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acoustic tomography, satellite altimetry, and modeling,” Science 281, 1327–1332 (1998).
7 P.F. Worcester and R.C. Spindel, “North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 1499–1510 (2005).
8 B.M. Howe, B.D. Cornuelle, B.D. Dushaw, M.A. Dzieciuch, D. Menemenlis, J.A. Mercer, W.H. Munk, R.C. Spindel, D. Stammer, P.F. Worcester, and M. Zarnetske, “Acoustic remote sensing of large-scale temperature variability in the North Pacific Ocean,” In: OCEANS’04, MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean ‘04, Kobe, Japan, 9–12 November 2004, 1504—1506 (2004).
9 B.D. Dushaw, G. Bold, C.S. Chiu, J.A. Colosi, B.D. Cornuelle,
Y. Desaubies, M.A. Dzieciuch, A.M.G. Forbes, F. Gaillard, A. Gavrilov, J. Gould, B.M. Howe, M. Lawrence, J.F. Lynch, D. Menemenlis, J.A. Mercer, P. Mikhalevsky, W.H. Munk, I. Nakano, F. Schott, U. Send, R.C. Spindel, T. Terre, P.F. Worcester, and C. Wunsch, “Observing the ocean in the 2000’s: A strategy for the role of acoustic tomography in ocean climate observation,” In: C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith (Eds.) Observing the Oceans in the 21st Century, GODAE Project Office, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, 391–418 (2001).
10 O. Schofield and M.K. Tivey, ORION Ocean Research Interactive Observatory Networks, National Science Foundation, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 4–8 January 2004, 140 pp. (2004).
Peter F. Worcester received his B.S. degree in engineering physics from the University of Illinois, Urbana, in 1968, his M.S. degree in physics from Stanford University in 1969, and his Ph.D. degree in oceanogra- phy from Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, in 1977. He was in the U.S. Navy from 1969–72. He has been a Research
Oceanographer at Scripps Institution of Oceanography since receiving his Ph.D. His primary research interests are in acoustical oceanography and underwater acoustics. His work has focused on the application of acoustic remote sensing techniques to the study of ocean structure and circulation. He has been engaged in the development of the technique of ocean acoustic tomography since its inception, including the development and deployment of the required instrumenta- tion. Dr. Worcester is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Acoustical Society of America. He is a member of the American Geophysical Union, the Oceanography Society, and Tau Beta Pi.
Walter Munk received his doctorate at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, in 1947. He then became professor of geophysics at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, where he has continued to work to this day. His principal research interests are ocean acoustics, tides, waves, tsunamis, and the Earth’s rotation. Dr. Munk has received many awards and honors for his work including the National Medal of Science (1985); William Bowie Medal, American Geophysical Union (1989); Vetlesen Prize, Columbia University (1993); Kyoto Prize, Japan (1999); Doctor Philosophiae Honoris Causa,
University of Bergen, Norway (1975), University of Cambridge, England (1986), and University of Crete, Greece (1996). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1956), The Royal Society, London (1976), American Philosophical Society (1976), Russian Academy of Sciences (1994), and an Honorary Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America (2004).
Robert C.
Director
Spindel is Emeritus of the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) of the University of Washington and Professor of Electrical Engineering. He served as Director for 16 years, until July 2003, guiding APL’s approximately 250 scientists and engineers and 45 graduate stu- dents in Navy-related basic and applied research. He received his bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the Cooper Union, New York, New York, in 1965 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, also in Electrical Engineering, in 1966 and 1971, respectively. He was a mem- ber of the Scientific Staff of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from 1972 until 1987 when he joined the University of Washington. Dr. Spindel is a Fellow of the IEEE, the Acoustical Society of America, and the Marine
Technology Society.
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