Page 25 - Summer 2010

stem,” Neuroreport 19, 1163–1167 (2008).
51 A. Krishnan, J. Swaminathan, and J. T. Gandour, “Experience-
dependent enhancement of linguistic pitch representation in the brainstem is not specific to a speech context,” J. Cognitive Neurosci. 21, 1092–1105 (2009).
52 G. Musacchia, M. Sams, E. Skoe, and N. Kraus, “Musicians have enhanced subcortical auditory and audiovisual processing of speech and music,” Proceedings Natl. Acad. of Sci. of USA 104, 15894–15898 (2007).
53 P. C. M. Wong, E. Skoe, N. M. Russo, T. Dees, and N. Kraus, “Musical experience shapes human brainstem encoding of lin- guistic pitch patterns,” Nature Neurosci. 10, 420–422 (2007).
54 D. Strait, E. Skoe, N. Kraus, and R. Ashley, “Musical experience and neural efficiency: Effects of training on subcortical process- ing of vocal expressions of emotion,” European J. Neurosci. 29, 661–668 (2009).
55 K. M. Lee, E. Skoe, N. Kraus, and R. Ashley, “Selective subcorti- cal enhancement of musical intervals in musicians,” J. Neurosci. 29, 5832–5840 (2009).
56 N. Kraus, E. Skoe, A. Parbery-Clark, and R. Ashley, “Experience- induced malleability in neural encoding of pitch, timbre and timing: Implications for language and music,” Annals New York Acad. Sci. Neurosci. and Music III 1169, 543–557 (2009).
57 N. Russo, T. Nicol, G. Musacchia, and N. Kraus, “Brainstem responses to speech syllables,” Clinical Neurophysiology 115, 2021–2030 (2004).
58 J. Song, K. Banai, and N. Kraus, “Brainstem timing deficits in children with learning impairment may result from corticofugal origins,” Audiology & Neurotology 13, 335–344 (2008).
59 T. Tzounopoulos and N. Kraus, “Learning to encode timing: Mechanisms of plasticity in the auditory brainstem,” Neuron 62, 463–469 (2009).
60 D. Abrams, T. Nicol, S. Zecker, and N. Kraus, “Right-hemisphere auditory cortex is dominant for coding syllable patterns in speech,” J. Neurosci. 28, 3958–3965 (2008).
61 N. Kraus and T. Nicol, “Aggregate neural responses to speech sounds in the central auditory system,” Speech Communication 41, 35–47 (2003).
62 N. Kraus, T. McGee, T. Carrell, A. Sharma, and T. Nicol, “Mismatch negativity to speech stimuli in school-age children,” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology – Supplement 44, 211–217 (1995).
63 J. Allen, N. Kraus, and A. R. Bradlow, “Neural representation of consciously imperceptible speech-sound differences,” Perception & Psychophysics 62, 1383–1393 (2000).
64 N. Kraus, D. B. Koch, T. J. McGee, T. G. Nicol, and J. Cunningham, “Speech-sound discrimination in school-age chil- dren: Psychophysical and neurophysiologic measures,” J. Speech, Lang. and Hearing Res . 42, 1042–1060 (1999).
65 A. R. Bradlow, N. Kraus, T. G. Nicol, T. J. McGee, J. Cunningham, S. G. Zecker, and T. D. Carrell, “Effects of length- ened formant transition duration on discrimination and neural representation of synthetic CV syllables by normal and learning- disabled children,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 2086–2096 (1999).
66 N. Kraus, T. McGee, T. D. Carrell, and A. Sharma, “Neurophysiologic bases of speech discrimination,” Ear and Hearing 16, 19–37 (1995).
67 A. Sharma, N. Kraus, T. McGee, T. Carrell, and T. Nicol, “Acoustic versus phonetic representation of speech as reflected by the mismatch negativity event-related potential,” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 88, 64–71 (1993).
68 N. Kraus, T. McGee, T. Carrell, A. Sharma, A. Micco, and T.
Nicol, “Speech-evoked cortical potentials in children,” J. Am.
Acad. Audiol. 4, 238–248 (1993).
69 N. Kraus, T. McGee, A. Micco, A. Sharma, T. Carrell, and T.
Nicol, “Mismatch negativity in school-age children to speech stimuli that are just perceptibly different,” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 88, 123–130 (1993).
70 N. Kraus and M. Cheour, “Speech sound representation in the brain,” Audiology & Neurotology 5, 140-150 (2000).
71 J. H. Song, K. Banai, N. Russo, and N. Kraus, “On the relation- ship between speech and nonspeech evoked auditory brainstem response,” Audiology & Neurotology 11, 233–241 (2006).
72 A. Sharma, N. Kraus, T. J. McGee, and T. G. Nicol, “Developmental changes in P1 and N1 central auditory responses elicited by conso- nant-vowel syllables,” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 104, 540–545 (1997).
73 J. Q. Wang, T. Nicol, E. Skoe, M. Sams, and N. Kraus, “Emotion modulates early auditory response to speech,” J. Cognitive Neurosci. 21, 2121–2128 (2009).
74 J. Hornickel, E. Skoe, and N. Kraus, “Subcortical laterality of speech processing,” Audiology & Neurotology 14, 198–207 (2009).
75 D. Abrams and N. Kraus, “Auditory pathway representation of speech sounds in humans,” in Handbook of Clinical Audiology, edited by J. Katz, L. Hood, R. Burkard, and L. Medwetsky (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2009) pp. 611- 626.
76 K. L. Johnson, T. Nicol, S. G. Zecker, A. R. Bradlow, E. Skoe, and N. Kraus, “Brainstem encoding of voiced consonant-vowel stop syllables,” Clinical Neurophysiology 119, 2623–2635 (2008).
77 K. L. Johnson, T. Nicol, S. G. Zecker, and N. Kraus, “Developmental plasticity in the human auditory brainstem,” J. Neurosci. 28, 4000–4007 (2008).
78 K. L. Johnson, T. Nicol, S. Zecker, and N. Kraus, “Auditory brain- stem correlates of perceptual timing deficits,” J. Cognitive Neurosci. 19, 376–385 (2007).
79 J. Song, E. Skoe, P. C. M. Wong, and N. Kraus, “Plasticity in the adult human auditory brainstem following short-term linguistic training,” J. Cognitive Neurosci. 20, 1892–1902 (2008).
80 D. Abrams, T. Nicol, S. Zecker, and N. Kraus, “Auditory brain- stem timing predicts cerebral asymmetry for speech,” J. Neurosci. 26, 11131–11137 (2006).
81 G. Musacchia, M. Sams, T. Nicol, and N. Kraus, “Seeing speech affects acoustic information processing in the human brain- stem,” Experimental Brain Res. 168, 1–10 (2006).
82 N. Kraus and T. G. Nicol, “Brainstem origins for cortical ‘what’ and ‘where’ pathways in the auditory system,” Trends in Neurosci. 28, 176–181 (2005).
83 J. Song, E. Skoe, K. Banai, and N. Kraus, “Perception of speech in noise: Neural Correlates, J. Cognitive Neurosci. (2010, in press).
84 C. King, C. M. Warrier, E. Hayes, and N. Kraus, “Deficits in auditory brainstem encoding of speech sounds in children with
learning problems,” Neurosci. Letters 319, 111–115 (2002).
85 B. Wible, T. Nicol, and N. Kraus, “Atypical brainstem represen- tation of onset and formant structure of speech sounds in chil- dren with language-based learning problems,” Biological
Psychology 67, 299–317 (2004).
86 K. L. Johnson, T. Nicol and N. Kraus, “The brainstem response
to speech: A biological marker,” Ear and Hearing 26, 424–434
(2005).
87 B. Wible, T. G. Nicol, and N. Kraus, “Abnormal neural encoding
of repeated speech stimuli in noise in children with learning problems,” Clinical Neurophysiology 113, 485–494 (2002).
24 Acoustics Today, July 2010